Metabolic Disease

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that maintain cell homeostasis. Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of molecules including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid or protein metabolism within a cell or tissue. As catalysts, enzymes are crucial to metabolism as they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly and tregulate the rate of a metabolic reaction. Due to the importance of metabolic balance in the organism, the abnormal function of metabolic enzymes often leads to the occurrence of a variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, etc.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2861 metabolic enzymes related small molecules, which is an important tool for studying the metabolic activities of organisms and developing drugs for metabolic diseases.

Programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, are regulated by unique sets of host proteins that coordinate a variety of biological outcomes. Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication niches and enhancing the host's defensive responses. Pyroptosis has been widely studied in inflammatory and infection disease models. Recently, there are growing evidences that pyroptosis also plays an important role in the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Metabolic disorder, etc.

MCE designs a unique collection of 1266 pyroptosis-related compounds mainly focusing on the key targets in the pyroptosis signaling pathway and can be used in the research of pyroptosis signal pathway and related diseases.

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. Acting as catalysts, enzymes are crucial to metabolism - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction. Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

MCE designs a unique collection of 4475 Metabolism/Protease-related small molecules that act as a useful tool for drug discovery of metabolism-related diseases.

Human metabolism is an integral part of cellular function that reflects individual differences in health, disease, diet, and lifestyle. Many health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and cancer are associated with abnormal metabolic states. In the pathological state of the human body, metabolic pathways are significantly altered, resulting in aberrant levels of intermediates or end-products that can be viewed as potential diagnostic biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Therefore, detection, identification and quantification of human metabolites are very important for drug metabolism research in drug development.

MCE offers a unique collection of 5990 human metabolites, including endogenous metabolites and exogenous metabolites, covering multiple structure types, such as lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, biogenic amines, vitamins,. MCE Human Metabolites Library is a helpful tool for studying the relationship between diseases and metabolism.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels which include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, etc. CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally. Smoking, unhealthy nutrition, aging population, lack of physical activity, arterial hypertension, or diabetes can promote cardiovascular disease like myocardial infarction or stroke. It is multifactorial and encompasses a multitude of mechanisms, such as eNOS uncoupling, reactive oxygen species formation, chronic inflammatory disorders and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes agents may reduce the cardiovascular disease risk.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 1400 compounds with confirmed anti-cardiovascular activity. These compounds mainly target metabolic enzyme, membrane transporter, ion channel, inflammation related signaling pathways. MCE Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Compound Library can be used for cardiovascular diseases related research and high throughput and high content screening for new drugs.

Glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated to meet the energy requirements of the vital organs and maintain an individual’s health. Glucose metabolism includes glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic pathways. Glucose is the major carbon source that provides the main energy for life. Glucose metabolism dysregulation is also implicated in many diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases and even cancer.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1010 compounds related to glucose metabolism, which target glucose metabolism related targets, such as GLUT, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase, IDH, etc. MCE glucose metabolism library is a powerful tool for studying glucose metabolism and drug discovery of diseases related to glucose metabolism.

Mitochondrial autophagy refers to the selective encapsulation and degradation of damaged mitochondria by cells through the autophagy mechanism, thereby maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. The concept of mitochondrial autophagy has received extensive attention since it was proposed. Current studies have shown that the mechanisms of mitochondrial autophagy can generally be divided into two categories: Ubiquitin-dependent pathways and Ub-independent pathways. In addition, mitochondrial autophagy is a research hotspot related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases and other clinical diseases. Therefore, high-throughput screening based on mitochondrial autophagy can effectively screen out compounds that are closely related to the occurrence of diseases and analyze their mechanisms.

MCE can provide a library of 549 mitophagy compounds, which can be used for drug development and mechanism research in cancer, immunity, infection and other hot research fields.

Lipids are a fundamental class of organic molecules implicated in a wide range of biological processes, and based on this can be broadly classified into five categories: fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids, sterol lipids and sphingolipids. Lipids play a crucial role in different metabolic pathways and cellular functions. Lipid metabolism is an important physiological process that is related to nutrient adjustment, hormone regulation, and homeostasis. Lipid metabolism dysregulation is associated with many diseases such as obesity, liver disease, aging and inflammation.

MCE offers a unique collection of 656 compounds related to lipid metabolism, which target relevant targets in the process of lipid metabolism, such as ATGL, MAGL, FAAH, acetyl-Coa Carboxylase, FASN, etc. MCE lipid metabolism compound library is a useful tool for research lipid metabolism and drug discovery of diseases related to lipid metabolism.

Inflammasomes are classic pattern recognition receptors for natural immune responses. Inflammasomes are polymeric protein complexes that regulate inflammatory responses and pyrolytic cell death, thereby exerting the host's defense against microorganisms. Inflammasomes sensors are associated with adapter proteins, activating inflammatory caspase-1, releasing inflammatory cytokines and inducing cell death, endowing the host with defense against pathogens. NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and pyrin are considered typical inflammasomes because they convert cysteine asparaginase-1 into catalytically active capsaicin-1. In addition to infectious diseases, the importance of inflammasomes is also related to various clinical diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders, and the development of cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly regulate the activation and function of inflammasomes to avoid accidental host tissue damage while inducing pathogens to kill the inflammatory response.

MCE designs a unique collection of 68 inflammasomes related compounds. It is a good tool to be used for research on Inflammation, cancer and other diseases.

Animal disease models are used in a variety of settings in basic research, such as studies on mechanisms of disease progression and evaluation new drugs. Animal models can be broadly classified into five categories: 1) experimental, 2) spontaneous, 3) negative, 4) orphan, 5) genetically engineered. Experimental models, which are induced artificially in the laboratory, are most common. Some small molecular compounds are usually used as inducers for animal models, such as Ceruletide for inflammatory model, Azoxymethane for tumor model. These inducers are useful tool in building animal models.

MCE offers a unique collection of 50 animal model inducers, involving inflammatory model, tumor model, nervous disease model, etc. MCE Animal Disease Model library is a powerful tool for the establishment of animal disease models.

Lipids are a diverse and ubiquitous group of compounds which have many key biological functions, such as acting as structural components of cell membranes, serving as energy storage sources and participating in signaling pathways. Several studies suggest that bioactive lipids have effects on the treatment of some mental illnesses and metabolic syndrome. For example, DHA and EPA are important for monoaminergic neurotransmission, brain development and synaptic functioning, and are also correlated with a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in clinical and animal studies.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 1363 lipid and lipid derivative related compounds including triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids and their structural analogues or derivatives. MCE lipid compound library can be used for research in bioactive lipids, and high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS).

Diabetes mellitus, usually called diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. The most common types are Type I and Type II. Type I diabetes (T1D), also called juvenile onset diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is characterized by destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas and insulin is not produced, whereas type II diabetes (T2D), also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a progressive impairment of insulin secretion and relative decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the action of this hormone. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of all diabetes mellitus. Diabetes of all types can lead to complications in many parts of the body and can increase the overall risk of dying prematurely. Possible complications include kidney failure, leg amputation, vision loss and nerve damage.

The pathogenesis of diabetes is complicated, and development of the safe and effective drugs against diabetes is full of challenge. Increasing studies have confirmed that the pathogenesis of diabetes is related to various signaling pathways, such as insulin signaling pathway, AMPK pathway, PPAR regulation and chromatin modification pathways. These signaling pathways have thus become the major source of the promising novel drug targets to treat metabolic diseases and diabetes.

MCE Anti-diabetic Compound Library owns a unique collection of 748 compounds, which mainly target SGLT, PPAR, DPP-4, AMPK, Dipeptidyl Peptidase, Glucagon Receptor, etc. This library is a useful tool for discovery anti-diabetes drugs.

Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, engulfing bacteria and secreting pro-inflammatory and antibacterial mediators. They are an important component of the first line defense against pathogens and tumor cells. In addition, macrophages play an important role in eliminating damaged cells through programmed cell death. Like all immune cells, macrophages originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Macrophages play key functions in many physiological processes beyond homeostasis and innate immunity, including metabolic function, cell debris clearance, tissue repair, and remodeling. In order to fulfill their different functional roles, macrophages can polarize into a series of phenotypes, including classic (pro inflammatory, M1) and alternative (anti-inflammatory, healing promoting, M2) activation states, as well as a wide range of regulatory phenotypes and subtypes. Macrophages exist in all vertebrate tissues and have a dual function in host protection and tissue damage, maintaining a good balance.

MCE designs a unique collection of 158 macrophage related compounds. It is a good tool to be used for research on Inflammation, cancer and other diseases.